An undercover report is a form of *investigative journalism in which journalists assume false identities to gather information on issues that they feel the public has a right—or even a need—to know about. The practice allows journalists to bypass the infamous “no comment” response and gain firsthand insights into misconduct, illegal activities, unethical behavior or other societal concerns that would otherwise remain hidden from view.
Despite its controversial and sometimes dangerous nature, undercover reporting is still an important tool in the journalist’s toolbox. It can uncover serious problems such as slavery, sex trafficking, illegal gambling and political corruption, and can have a huge impact when it is used alongside other investigative methods.
When considering undercover work, journalists should consult outside advisors to discuss legal risks, acceptable strategies and publishable facts. They should also make sure the project is not putting children or vulnerable people at risk or denying them vital services. It is especially important to be transparent with audiences about how the undercover investigation was conducted.
Undercover investigation can be very dangerous, particularly in countries where the law is weak on protection for journalists and where there is a strong culture of impunity for those caught recording without consent. In these circumstances, reporters could face long-term legal action or government detention, or they might be put in danger of physical harm. For this reason, GIJN’s resource centre team have put together this guide that includes tips from seasoned undercover investigators as well as examples of outstanding and impactful undercover journalism.
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